Internet Explorer 11 by default switches to "compatibility view" (aka: IE7+ActiveX rendering) for sites it detects as behind the firewall (what it calls "intranet").
I noticed this when working on a development system behind the firewall; that setting really messes up the layout...
There is a simple fix to disable this "feature" - just add this to the <head> html tag (in Apex that would be in the Header section of the Page template): <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
More info:
https://github.com/cockpit-project/cockpit/issues/9269